Functions Reference

The formula engine includes a comprehensive set of built-in functions for mathematical operations.

Math Functions

abs(x)            Absolute value        abs(-5) = 5
ceil(x)           Round up              ceil(4.2) = 5
ceiling(x)        Round up (alias)      ceiling(4.2) = 5
floor(x)          Round down            floor(4.8) = 4
round(x)          Round nearest         round(4.5) = 5
round(x; n)       Round to n decimals   round(3.456; 2) = 3.46
truncate(x; n)    Truncate to n places  truncate(3.456; 2) = 3.45
min(a; b; ...)    Minimum               min(3; 1; 4) = 1
max(a; b; ...)    Maximum               max(3; 1; 4) = 4
sqrt(x)           Square root           sqrt(16) = 4
pow(x; n)         Power                 pow(2; 3) = 8
log(x)            Natural logarithm     log(e) = 1
log10(x)          Base-10 logarithm     log10(100) = 2
exp(x)            Exponential           exp(1) = 2.718...

Logical:
and(a; b)         Logical AND           and(1; 1) = 1
or(a; b)          Logical OR            or(0; 1) = 1

Text:
len(text)         String length         len("hello") = 5
text(value)       Number to text        text(42) = "42"
number(text)      Text to number        number("42") = 42
concat(a; b; ...) Concatenate strings   concat("hi"; " "; "there") = "hi there"
join(sep; a; ...) Join with separator   join("-"; "a"; "b"; "c") = "a-b-c"

Trigonometric Functions

All trigonometric functions work in radians. To convert degrees to radians, multiply by π/180.

sin(x)   Sine (radians)        sin(0) = 0
cos(x)   Cosine                cos(0) = 1
tan(x)   Tangent               tan(0) = 0
asin(x)  Arc sine              asin(1) = π/2
acos(x)  Arc cosine            acos(1) = 0
atan(x)  Arc tangent           atan(1) = π/4

Rounding Functions

• ceil(x) / ceiling(x) — always rounds up: ceil(4.1) = 5. Use for quantities that must be whole.
• floor(x) — always rounds down: floor(4.9) = 4.
• round(x) — rounds to nearest integer: round(4.5) = 5.
• round(x; n) — rounds to n decimal places: round(3.14159; 2) = 3.14.
• truncate(x; n) — truncates to n decimal places (no rounding): truncate(3.14159; 2) = 3.14.

Logarithmic Functions

• log(x) — natural logarithm (base e): log(e) = 1.
• log10(x) — base-10 logarithm: log10(100) = 2.

Logical Functions

• and(a; b) — logical AND: returns 1 when both arguments are truthy, 0 otherwise.
• or(a; b) — logical OR: returns 1 when either argument is truthy, 0 otherwise.

Text Functions

• len(text) — returns the length of a string: len("hello") = 5.
• text(value) — converts a number to text: text(42) = "42".
• number(text) — converts text to a number: number("42") = 42.
• concat(a; b; ...) — concatenates strings: concat("width: "; text($width)) = "width: 1000".
• join(separator; val1; val2; ...) — joins values with a separator: join("; "; "a"; "b"; "c") = "a; b; c".